abstract：OBJECTIVE:Contraception is recommended for female patients during ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment for the potential teratogenic effect of this bile acid, and the aim of our study was to determine whether this treatment affects the bioavailability of ethinylestradiol (EE2). METHODS:In this double-blind, randomise...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Baisini O,Benini F,Petraglia F,Kuhnz W,Scalia S,Marschall HU,Brunetti G,Tauschel HD,Lanzini A

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate (1) the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of desmopressin in men from an age group with a high incidence of nocturia; and (2) circadian variation in the pharmacokinetic parameters. METHODS:The study had an open, randomised, four-way cross-over design. Desmopressin was administered o...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Rembratt A,Graugaard-Jensen C,Senderovitz T,Norgaard JP,Djurhuus JC

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the changes in consumption of psychotropic drugs by children aged less than 18 years during the years 1995 to 2001 in the Netherlands. METHODS:The year prevalence of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and psychostimulants for boys and girls under 18 years w...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Hugtenburg JG,Heerdink ER,Egberts AC

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the systemic exposure for intranasal mometasone furoate (MF) and fluticasone propionate (FP) aqueous nasal sprays (ANS) in terms of serum and urinary cortisol parameters and plasma pharmacokinetics. METHODS:Twelve healthy subjects completed this three-way, cross-over study. They received FPANS (5...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Daley-Yates PT,Kunka RL,Yin Y,Andrews SM,Callejas S,Ng C

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The costs of immunosuppressive drugs in renal transplant recipients remains prohibitively high. Ketoconazole (KZ) has, in limited studies, been shown to significantly reduce the dose of cyclosporin (CyA) after renal transplantation. We report our long-term experience with the use of KZ in a large group of re...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Gerntholtz T,Pascoe MD,Botha JF,Halkett J,Kahn D

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Thiopurine drugs are commonly used in pediatric patients for the treatment of acute leukemia, organ transplantation and inflammatory diseases. They are catabolized by the cytosolic thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), which is subject to a genetic polymorphism. In children, enzyme activities are immature at b...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Ganiere-Monteil C,Medard Y,Lejus C,Bruneau B,Pineau A,Fenneteau O,Bourin M,Jacqz-Aigrain E

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:A temporal relationship between the increasing use of antibiotics and the increasing levels of antibiotic resistance has been established for Streptococcus pneumoniae. There are also data that support the presence of a geographic correlation between the level of resistance and the pattern of use among differ...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Boccia D,Alegiani SS,Pantosti A,Moro ML,Traversa G

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse whether first-time use of antidepressants (incidence) and selection of TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) versus new-generation drugs are associated with socio-economic status and psychiatric history. METHOD:We conducted a population-based cohort study using registry data covering Funen County, Denm...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Hansen DG,Søndergaard J,Vach W,Gram LF,Rosholm JU,Mortensen PB,Kragstrup J

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:More than 11% of the Caucasian population are heterozygous or homozygous carriers of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) mutants and are at risk for toxic side effects when treated with thiopurine drugs. Therefore, screening for TPMT polymorphisms in a patient prior to prescribing these agents is recommende...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Wusk B,Kullak-Ublick GA,Rammert C,von Eckardstein A,Fried M,Rentsch KM

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:In patients with schizophrenia, risperidone and olanzapine are the two most commonly used atypical anti-psychotics. A recent meta-analysis based on randomized trials suggests that, in the long term, olanzapine can have a lower frequency of treatment discontinuation (or dropout) in comparison with risperidone....

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Pelagotti F,Santarlasci B,Vacca F,Trippoli S,Messori A

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the distribution of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype among azathioprine (Aza)-tolerant and -intolerant patients with various disorders, and to investigate a possible relationship with the Aza metabolite levels. METHODS:Forty-six Aza-tolerant and six Aza-intolerant patients had the TP...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Reuther LO,Vainer B,Sonne J,Larsen NE

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of errors in preparing and administering intravenous (i.v.) drugs, identify the stages in the process at which errors occurred and evaluate their clinical importance. METHODS:A prospective ethnographic study using disguised observation was carried out on two wards in one German non...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Taxis K,Barber N

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Gentamicin population pharmacokinetics in newborns were studied with special reference to possible gender effects. METHODS:Steady-state serum levels ( n=139) were obtained from 79 neonates with a mean birth weight of 2.1 kg, mean gestational age of 35.1 weeks and mean age at the time of sampling of 4.2 days....

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Botha JH,du Preez MJ,Adhikari M

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:6beta-Hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) urinary excretion has, for a long time, been considered a marker of drug induction and, more recently, of drug inhibition in humans and in laboratory animals, but its specificity is still under debate. In this work, we review 277 papers devoted to 6beta-OHF urinary excretion. We have ...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Galteau MM,Shamsa F

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify the frequency of CYP2C9*1, *2 and *3 alleles and the genotype of CYP2C9 gene in the Tamilian population. METHODS:The study was conducted on 135 unrelated healthy human volunteers. DNA was extracted from the peripheral leukocytes samples and was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Adithan C,Gerard N,Vasu S,Balakrishnan R,Shashindran CH,Krishnamoorthy R

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the type and degree of innovation of the cardiovascular drugs centrally approved in the European Union between 1995 and 2002. Sources of information were the European Public Assessment Reports and the Summaries of Product Characteristics published by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency. The Agency appro...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Garattini S,Bertele' V

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of late pregnancy and also oestrogen supplementation on the CYP2C19-mediated biotransformation of proguanil (PG) to its active antifol triazine metabolite cycloguanil (CG). METHODS:Case control study conducted on the NW border of Thailand; a single dose of PG (4 mg/kg) was administer...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： McGready R,Stepniewska K,Seaton E,Cho T,Cho D,Ginsberg A,Edstein MD,Ashley E,Looareesuwan S,White NJ,Nosten F

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of theophylline on erythropoiesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS:We evaluated the haematological parameters and erythropoietin (EPO) values in 38 COPD patients, 18 of which had been treated with theophyllin...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Tsantes AE,Tassiopoulos ST,Papadhimitriou SI,Bonovas S,Poulakis N,Vlachou A,Filioussi K,Loukopoulos D

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Knowledge about the metabolism of anti-parasitic drugs (APDs) will be helpful in ongoing efforts to optimise dosage recommendations in clinical practise. This study was performed to further identify the cytochrome P(450) (CYP) enzymes that metabolise major APDs and evaluate the possibility of predicting in vi...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Li XQ,Björkman A,Andersson TB,Gustafsson LL,Masimirembwa CM

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of CYP3A4 inhibition by ketoconazole on the disposition of venlafaxine in individuals with different CYP2D6 pheno- and genotypes. METHODS:In an open two-phase study, 21 healthy volunteers with known CYP2D6 pheno- and genotype [14 extensive metabolisers (EMs), 7 poor metabolisers (PMs)]...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Lindh JD,Annas A,Meurling L,Dahl ML,AL-Shurbaji A

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:In vitro studies with human liver microsomes have suggested that the oxidative conversion of mexiletine (MX) to its metabolites is catalyzed by CYP2D6 and is significantly impaired in microsomes with the CYP2D6*10/*10 genotype. Therefore, we examined the influence of the CYP2D6*10 allele on MX pharmacokinetic...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Otani M,Fukuda T,Naohara M,Maune H,Senda C,Yamamoto I,Azuma J

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of benazepril and amlodipine in monotherapy versus in combination with plasma t-PA and PAI-1 activity in hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients. METHODS:After an initial 6-week wash-out, single-blind placebo period, 38 patients, 17 men and 21 females, were rand...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Fogari R,Preti P,Lazzari P,Corradi L,Zoppi A,Fogari E,Mugellini A

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to develop a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology for the quantification of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) gene expression in whole blood and compare it with the TPMT enzyme activity measured in red blood cells. METHODS:TPMT gene...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Lindqvist M,Almer S,Peterson C,Söderkvist P

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:In elderly patients, both falls and impaired memory are considerable medical problems. Hypnotics, which are frequently administered to this patient group for the treatment of insomnia, should ideally not impair equilibrium or memory functions. This double-blind, randomised, four-way, cross-over study investig...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Allain H,Bentué-Ferrer D,Tarral A,Gandon JM

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of inappropriate medication use among hospitalized older adults and to identify predictors of this use. METHODS:A total of 5734 patients (mean age 79 years) admitted to geriatric and internal medicine wards participating in the study in 1995 and 1997 were included in this analysis...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Onder G,Landi F,Cesari M,Gambassi G,Carbonin P,Bernabei R,Investigators of the GIFA Study.

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of the CYP2D6 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of tropisetron in healthy Korean subjects. METHODS:A single 5-mg capsule of tropisetron was administered orally to 13 healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations were determined by validated HPLC procedures and data were analyzed by using nonc...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Kim MK,Cho JY,Lim HS,Hong KS,Chung JY,Bae KS,Oh DS,Shin SG,Lee SH,Lee DH,Min B,Jang IJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the usefulness of the 3-hydroxylation of quinine as a biomarker reaction for the activity of CYP3A4 in man and to study the interindividual variation in the metabolic ratio (MR), i.e. quinine/3-hydroxyquinine. METHODS:Data from a previous study (A) was used for determination of the MR of quini...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Mirghani RA,Ericsson O,Tybring G,Gustafsson LL,Bertilsson L

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Administration of fluvoxamine (FLV) with concomitant benzodiazepines is common in clinical situations. We studied the effects of the coadministration of FLV on plasma concentrations of alprazolam (ALP). We also studied the effects of CYP2C19(*)2 or CYP2C19(*)3 on these drug interactions. METHODS:The subject...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Suzuki Y,Shioiri T,Muratake T,Kawashima Y,Sato S,Hagiwara M,Inoue Y,Shimoda K,Someya T

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) allelic variant carriers have been shown to experience hyper-responsiveness to small doses of oral anticoagulants (OAs) (warfarin or acenocoumarol) and a higher bleeding rate. OBJECTIVES:To determine the relative frequencies of different risk factors for OA overdose including di...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Verstuyft C,Robert A,Morin S,Loriot MA,Flahault A,Beaune P,Funck-Brentano C,Jaillon P,Becquemont L

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine. METHODS. In a double-blind, randomised, cross-over study, nine healthy volunteers were treated for 2.5 days with 500 mg oral ciprofloxacin or placebo twice daily. On day 3, they received a single dose of 0.6 mg/kg ropivacaine intrav...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Jokinen MJ,Olkkola KT,Ahonen J,Neuvonen PJ

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated the effects of treatment with Saint John's wort (hypericum perforatum) extract on the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, 6beta-hydroxycortisol, and free cortisol in order to assess the effect of this extract on the activity of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. METHODS:Forty-eight he...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Bauer S,Störmer E,Kerb R,Johne A,Brockmöller J,Roots I

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of fluconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy volunteers. Significantly increased plasma concentrations of fluvastatin have been observed following co-administration with fluconazole. METHODS:This was a randomised, double-bl...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Cooper KJ,Martin PD,Dane AL,Warwick MJ,Schneck DW,Cantarini MV

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the patterns of consumption in calcium channel blockers (CCB) groups in the Czech Republic between 1992 and 1999 and make a comparison with selected countries. METHODS:This was part of a drug utilization study using WHO methodology [Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification/defined daily do...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Dolezal T,Nemecek K,Krsiak M

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:NXY-059 is a nitrone-based, free-radical trapping agent being developed for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Elimination of NXY-059 is primarily renal. The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of NXY-059 in subjects with renal impairment. METHODS:Twenty-four subjects with a ...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Strid S,Borgå O,Edenius C,Jostell KG,Odergren T,Weil A

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:To determine whether the variability in cytochrome P(450) (CYP)3A4 metabolic function is exhibited at both transcription and translation levels and to examine the population distribution of CYP3A4 enzyme kinetics, protein, and mRNA. METHODS:Enzyme kinetics of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation, immunoblot CYP3A4 pr...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Sy SK,Ciaccia A,Li W,Roberts EA,Okey A,Kalow W,Tang BK

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Zolmitriptan is a 5HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist effective in the acute treatment of migraine. Clinical trials in the USA and Europe have demonstrated the optimal oral therapeutic dose to be 2.5 mg. The 2.5-mg oral tablet has recently been licensed in Japan. OBJECTIVE:To compare the pharmacokinetics of zolmitr...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Yates RA,Tateno M,Nairn K,Ikegami A,Dane A,Kemp J

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify the relation between local and systemic magnitudes of effects of inhaled formoterol and salbutamol. METHODS:Twenty-eight stable asthmatic patients completed this double-blind, randomised crossover study. Pre-drug administration FEV1 (mean 2.08 L) was 49-93% of predicted and reversibility 16-82% a...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Rosenborg J,Larsson P,Rott Z,Böcskei C,Poczi M,Juhász G

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the haemodynamic effects of short-term treatment with dofetilide in comparison with sotalol in patients with ischaemic heart disease. METHODS:Twelve patients with ischaemic heart disease and sustained ventricular tachycardia were treated with dofetilide [500 microg twice daily (b.i.d.)] or sotalol ...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Boriani G,Biffi M,Bacchi L,Martignani C,Zannoli R,Butrous GS,Branzi A

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Psychosis is a common complication of the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Treatment of this complication is difficult as most antipsychotic drugs worsen motor symptoms of PD. Only the atypical antipsychotic clozapine improves psychosis without worsening of parkinsonism. The aim of the present stud...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： van de Vijver DA,Roos RA,Jansen PA,Porsius AJ,de Boer A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The concentration of flecainide in hair was measured to determine its value as an index of individual drug-taking history. METHODS:Hair samples obtained from 15 patients treated with flecainide for more than 1 month were cut into 1-cm-long portions successively from its scalp end. The concentration of flecai...

journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Takiguchi Y,Ishihara R,Torii M,Kato R,Kamihara S,Uematsu T

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00